Works Cited

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DuVernay, Ava. “13th.” Netflix, 2016, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krfcq5pF8u8.

Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. Racial Formation in the United States. 1986. 3rd ed., New York, Ny, Routledge, 2015.

Pilgrim, David. “The Brute Caricature – Jim Crow Museum.” Jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu, Ferris State University, Nov. 2000, jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/brute/homepage.htm.

Pilgrim, David. “The Coon Caricature – Anti-Black Imagery – Jim Crow Museum.” Jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu, Oct. 2000, jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/coon/homepage.htm.

Pilgrim, David. “The Mammy Caricature.” Jim Crow Museum, Ferris State University, Oct. 2000, jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/mammies/homepage.htm.

Smiley, Calvin John, and David Fakunle. “From “Brute” to “Thug:” the Demonization and Criminalization of Unarmed Black Male Victims in America.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, vol. 26, no. 3-4, 20 Jan. 2016, pp. 350–366.

Timothy. “Why Are We Still Depicting Black Women as “Mammies”?” Shado Magazine, 9 Mar. 2021, shado-mag.com/articles/opinion/why-are-we-still-depicting-black-women-as-mammies/.

TV Boitempo. “Patricia Hill Collins Explains BLACK FEMINIST THOUGHT | #1 Controling Images.” YouTube, 8 Mar. 2019, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVdbyhuAJEs.

Wells-Barnett, Ida B. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. Otbebookpublishing, 27 Mar. 2021.